Ontogeny and function of the circadian clock in intestinal organoids
Summary
Circadian rhythms regulate diverse aspects of gastrointestinal physiology ranging from the composition of microbiota to motility. However, development of the intestinal circadian clock and detailed mechanisms regulating circadian physiology of the intestine remain largely unknown. In this report, we show that both pluripotent stem cell-derived human intestinal organoids engrafted into mice and patient-derived human intestinal enteroids possess circadian rhythms and demonstrate circadian phase-dependent necrotic cell death responses to Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB). Intriguingly, mouse and human enteroids demonstrate anti-phasic necrotic cell death responses to TcdB. RNA-Seq analysis shows that ~3-10% of the detectable transcripts are rhythmically expressed in mouse and human enteroids. Remarkably, we observe anti-phasic gene expression of Rac1, a small GTPase directly inactivated by TcdB, between mouse and human enteroids, and disruption of Rac1 abolishes clock-dependent necrotic cell death responses. Our findings uncover robust functions of circadian rhythms regulating clock-controlled genes in both mouse and human enteroids governing organism-specific, circadian phase-dependent necrotic cell death responses, and lay a foundation for human organ- and disease-specific investigation of clock functions using human organoids for translational applications. © 2021 The Authors Published under the terms of the CC BY NC ND 4.0 license.
| Authors | Rosselot AE, Park M, Kim M, Matsu-Ura T, Wu G, Flores DE, Subramanian KR, Lee S, Sundaram N, Broda TR, McCauley HA, Hawkins JA, Chetal K, Salomonis N, Shroyer NF, Helmrath MA, Wells JM, Hogenesch JB, Moore SR, Hong CI |
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| Journal | The EMBO journal |
| Publication Date | 2022 Dec 17;41(2):e106973 |
| PubMed | 34704277 |
| PubMed Central | PMC8762567 |
| DOI | 10.15252/embj.2020106973 |