Human organoids for Risk Group 4 virus research: a new frontier in investigating Nipah virus infection of the central nervous system

Summary

Advanced development of medical countermeasures against Risk Group 4 viruses, such as the Nipah virus, historically required testing in mammals under the FDA Animal Rule and translation of data to inform clinical trials in humans. Because the application of human organoids in research on viruses pathogenic for humans is conspecific, it bears the potential to reduce, refine, or replace animal studies where unnecessary. Human cerebral organoids are three-dimensional cell aggregates that resemble the developing human brain functionally and structurally. Brain organoids may be valuable in investigating the replication, neuroinvasion, pathogenesis, virulence, and persistence of neurotropic viruses and provide scientific discernment when developing medical countermeasures destined for the human end-user.

Authors Worwa G, Yú S, Hischak AMW, Tran JP, Bearss JJ, Bernbaum J, Woodburn DB, Pahar B, Geiger J, Huzella LM, Freire SV, Crozier I, Muñoz-Fontela C, Palacios G, Kleinstreuer NC, Widerspick L, Kuhn JH
Journal Journal of virology
Publication Date 2025 Nov 25;99(11):e0107025
PubMed 41159751
PubMed Central PMC12645973
DOI 10.1128/jvi.01070-25

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