Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into cardiac valve cells using 2D and 3D differentiation protocols
Summary
Overall, we developed a 2D differentiation protocol that produces stable VELCs and a high percentage of VILCs upon EndMT induction. We also established a new, efficient, and cost-effective protocol for the 3D differentiation of endocardial spheres to better mimic a physiologically relevant environment, thereby enabling improved maturation. © 2026. The Author(s).
| Authors | Farzaneh Z, Brückner A, Fleischmann BK, Rieck S |
|---|---|
| Journal | Stem cell research & therapy |
| Publication Date | 2026 Jul 2;17(1) |
| PubMed | 42393756 |
| PubMed Central | PMC13330356 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s13287-026-05132-z |