| Which differentiated cell type is used |
| Label |
platelet |
| Link |
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000233 |
| Description |
A non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation.; Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small, disc-shaped cell fragments devoid of a nucleus, yet remarkably intricate and multi-functional. They originate from the megakaryocytes in the bone marrow via a process called thrombopoiesis. Platelets are central to hemostasis, a process that prevents bleeding from broken or damaged blood vessels and facilitates wound healing. In their resting state, platelets are inactive but become quickly activated when an injury occurs.
Platelets function in the initiation and regulation of coagulation or clotting, which is a complex process involving several bioactive molecules. When a blood vessel is injured, the inner lining of the vessel, the endothelium, gets disrupted, exposing the underlying tissue matrix. This leads to platelet activation and adhesion to the injury site, initiating the clotting cascade. Platelets release granules packed with clotting factors, proteins, enzymes, and more platelets, which further propagates the clotting process. When activated, platelets also change their shape from discoid to a spherical form with protruding pseudopods that enables them to adhere more readily to the site of injury and mesh with one another to form a 'platelet plug'.
Additionally, platelets serve other physiological roles. They release growth factors enhancing tissue regeneration and wound healing. They also play a significant role in inflammation, innate immunity, and antimicrobial host defense, as they interact with leukocytes and may sequester microbes. Platelets are involved in maintaining the integrity of the blood vessels and angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels. Proper functioning of platelets is critical for maintaining homeostasis, while dysregulation can lead to conditions such as thrombosis or bleeding disorders.
(This extended description was generated by ChatGPT and reviewed by the CellGuide team, who added references, and by the CL editors, who approved it for inclusion in CL. It may contain information that applies only to some subtypes and species, and so should not be considered definitional.); Platelets are reportedly CCR1-positive, CCR2-negative, CCR3-positive, CCR4-positive, CCR5-negative, CCR6-negative, CCR7-negative, CCR8-negative, CCR9-negative, CCR10-negative, CD16-positive, CD23-positive, CD32-positive, CD40-positive, CD41-positive CD42-positive, CD61-positive, CD62P-positive, CD64-positive, CD89-positive, CD102-positive, CD147-positive (activated platelets), CD154-positive (activated platelets), CD162-positive, CD209, CD282-positive, CD284-positive, CD289-positive, CD181-negative, CD182-negative, CD183-negative, CD184-positive, CLEC2-positive, GPVI-positive, JAMC-positive, PAR1-positive, PAR2-negative, PAR3-positive, PAR4-positive, TSP1-positive, and TXA2R-positive. Platelets can reportedly produce CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL7, CCL17, CD40L, CXCL1, CXCL4, CXCL4L1, CXCL5, CXCL7, CXCL8, CXCL12, EGF, factor V, factor VII, factor XI, factor XIII, bFGF, histamine, IGF-1, IL-1beta, PAI-1, PDGF, plasminogen, protein S, serotonin, TGF-beta, TFPI, VEGF, and vWF. |
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